Enkephalins: Comprehensive Research Guide

Overview

Enkephalins are short endogenous opioid peptides consisting of five amino acids. There are two main forms: Met-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) and Leu-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu). They act as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the central nervous system.

Mechanism of Action

Opioid Receptor Binding

• **Delta Receptors': Preferentially bind delta-opioid receptors
• **Mu Receptors': Also bind mu-opioid receptors
• **Pain Modulation': Modulate pain perception
• **Neurotransmission': Act as neurotransmitters

Physiological Roles

• **Pain Control': Involved in pain control pathways
• **Mood': Plays roles in mood regulation
• **Stress': Involved in stress responses
• **GI Function': Regulates gastrointestinal function

Research Applications

Pain Research

• **Pain Mechanisms': Research into pain pathways
• **Analgesia': Research into pain relief
• **Chronic Pain': Research into chronic pain

Neurological Research

• **Neurotransmission': Research into neurotransmitter systems
• **Mood Disorders': Research into mood conditions
• **Addiction': Research into addiction mechanisms

Dosage

• **Research': Dose-dependent, protocols vary
• **Administration': Intracerebroventricular or intranasal
• **Half-Life': Very short half-life

Side Effects

• **Minimal': Generally well-tolerated in research
• **Research Only': Research use only

This information is for research and educational purposes only.